2020研究生入学统一考试试题(英语二)

Section  I  Use  of English

Directions:
Read the following text Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET .(10 points).

Being a good parent is of course what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very__1__, particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, __2__, a younger sibling.

__3__, there's another sort of parent that's a bit easier to__4__: a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, __5__ every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy __6__. Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a __7__and composed style with their kids. I understand this.

You're only human, and sometimes your kids can__8__ you just a little too far. And then the__9__happens:You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too__10__and does nobody any good. You wish that you could__11__the clock and start over. We've all been there.

__12__, even though it's common, it's important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may__13__for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also__14__ your child's self-esteem.

If you consistently lose your__15__with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the__16__of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation, this is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when __17__ by stress is one of the most important of all life's skills.

Certainly, it's incredibly__18__to maintain patience at all times with your children. A more practical goal is to try to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with __19__ situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and __20__ from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.

1. A. pleasant        B. tedious          C. tricky        D. instructive

2. A. for example      B. in addition        C. at once      D. by accident

3. A. Eventually       B. Occasionally      C. Accordingly  D. Fortunately

4. A. amuse          B. describe          C. assist        D. train

5. A. once           B. because          C. unless       D. while

6. A. task            B. answer          C. choice       D. access

7. A. formal          B. tolerant         C. rigid         D. critical

8. A. move           B. push             C. drag         D. send

9. A. mysterious      B. illogical          C. inevitable     D. suspicious

10. A. boring          B. harsh            C. naive         D. vague

11. A. take apart       B. turn back         C. set aside      D. cover up

12. A. Overall         B. Instead           C. Otherwise     D. However

13. A. believe         B. miss             C. regret         D. like

14. A. affect          B. raise             C. justify         D. reflect

15. A. bond          B. time             C. cool          D. race

16. A. nature         B. secret            C. context        D. importance

17. A. cheated        B. defeated          C. confronted     D. confused

18. A. hard           B. terrible           C. strange        D. wrong

19. A. exciting        B. changing          C. surprising      D. trying

20. A. emerge        B. hide              C. withdraw      D. escape

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

Rats and other animals need to be highly attuned to social signals from others so they can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Laleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.

They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat -one social and one asocial -for four days. The robot rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels to move around and colourful markings.

During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened cage doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side.

Next, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever. Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 per cent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing. This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn. “Rats have been shown to engage in multiple forms of reciprocal help and cooperation, including what is referred to as direct reciprocity -where a rat will help another rat that has previously helped them, "says Quinn.

The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels. "We'd assumed we'd have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scent on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn’t necessary,” says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research.

The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals. "We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too, "says Wiles.

21.Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can_______.
A. distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one
B. pick up social signals from non-living rats
C. attain sociable traits through special training
D. send out warning messages to their fellows

22.What did the asocial robot do during the experiment?
A. It played with some toys.
B. It set the trapped rats free.
C. It moved around alone.
D. It followed the social robot.

23.According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they_______.
A. expected it to do the same in return
B. considered that an interesting game
C. wanted to display their intelligence
D. tried to practice a means of escape

24,Janet Wiles notes that rats_______.
A. respond more to actions than to looks
B. differentiate smells better than sizes
C. can be scared by a plastic box on wheels
D. can remember other rats' facial features

25.It can be learned from the text that rats_______.
A. appear to be adaptable to new surroundings
B. are more socially active than other animals
C. are more sensitive to social cues than expected
D. behave differently from children in socializing

Text 2

It is true that CEO pay has gone up---top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s,CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500%. The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about ﹩18.9 million a year.

The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of America's highest-earning 1% have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy. It's not popular to say, but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S. economy.

Today's CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many more skills than simply being able to "run the company." CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them. They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant. Then there's the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling. Plus, virtually all major American companies are becoming tech companies, often with their own research and development. And beyond this, major CEOs still have to do all the day-to-day work they have always done.

The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn't explain history very well. By most measures, corporate governance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s. Yet it is principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising. That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.

Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to the cozy insider picks, another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company. And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.

26. Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?

A. Increased business opportunities for top firms.

B. Close cooperation among leading economies.

C. The general pay rise with a better economy.

D. The growth in the number of corporations

27. Compared with their predecessor, today’s CEOs are required to______.

A. establish closer ties with tech companies

B. operate more globalized companies

C. finance more research and development

D. foster a stronger sense of teamwork

28. CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite ______.

A. continual internal opposition

B. conservative business  strategies

C. repeated government warnings

D. strict corporate governance

29 High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps_______.

A. confirm the status of CEOs

B. increase corporate value

C. boost the efficiency of CEOs

D. motivate inside candidates.

30. The most suitable title for this text would be_______.

A. CEO Traits: Not Easy to Define

B. CEO Pay: Past and Present

C. CEOs Are Not Overpaid

D. CEOs’ Challenges of Today

Text 3

Madrid was hailed as a public health guiding light last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars. Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible termination. Mayor Jose Luis Martinez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centerpiece of his election campaign, despite its success in improving air quality. A judge has now overruled the city's decision to stop levying fines, ordering them restored. But with legal battles ahead, the zone's future looks uncertain at best.
    Madrid's back and forth on clean air is a pointed reminder of the limits to the patchwork, city-by-city approach that characterises efforts on air pollution across Europe, Britain very much included.
    Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically controversial, and therefore vulnerable. That's because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers---who must pay fees or buy better vehicles---rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution. It's not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London. The new ultra-low emission zone (Ulez) is likely to be a big issue in next year's mayoral election. And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.
    It's not that measures such as London's Ulez are useless. Far from it. Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents' health in the face of a serious threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefits.

But mayors and councillors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town. They are acting because national governments-Britain's and others across Europe-have failed to do so.
    Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas-city centres, “school streets", even individual roads-are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance, Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise pollution. We're doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.

31.Which of the following is true about Madrid ‘s clean air zone?

A. Its effects are questionable.

B. It has been opposed by a judge.

C. Its fate is yet to be decided.

D. It needs tougher enforcement.

32.What is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?

A. They are biased against car manufacturers.

B. They prove impractical for city councils.

C. They are deemed too mild by politicians.

D. They put the burden on individual motorists

33.The author believes that the extension of London ‘s Ulez will_______.

A. arouse strong resistance

B. ensure Khan ‘s electoral success

C. improve the city ‘s traffic

D. discourage car manufacturing

34. Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?

A. Local residents.

B. Mayors.

C. Councillors.

D. National governments.

35. It can be learned from the last paragraph that auto companies_______.

A. will raise low-emission car production.

B. should be forced to follow regulations.

C. will upgrade the design of their vehicles

D. should be put under public supervision

Text 4

Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring-the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995, give or take a year-the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. Gen Zs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that's tighter than it's been in decades. And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers. Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.

If "entitled" is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied to millennials (those born between 1981 and 1995), the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious. According to the career counselors and experts who study them, Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists. Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like. They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both. They aren't interested in taking any chances. The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especially for those who have college debt. College loan balances in the U.S. now stand at a record $1.5 trillion, according to the Federal Reserve.

One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind. In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment (followed by professional development and training, and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal (work-life balance was number one), followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the greater good.

That's a big change from the previous generation. "Millennials wanted more flexibility in their lives, "notes Tanya Michelsen, Associate Director of Youth Sight, a UK-based brand manager that conducts regular 60-day surveys of British youth, in findings that might just as well apply to American youth." Generation Zs are looking for more certainty and stability, because of the rise of the gig economy. They have trouble seeing a financial future and they are quite risk averse."

36. Generation Zs graduating college this spring_______.       .

A. are recognized for their abilities

B. are optimistic about the labor market

C. are in favor of office job offers

D. are drawing growing public attention

37. Generation Zs are keenly aware_______.       .

A. what their parents expect of them

B. how valuable a counselor’s advice is

C. what a tough economic situation is like

D. how they differ from past generations

38. The word “assuage” (Line 9, Para.2) is closest in meaning to_______.       .

A. deepen

B. define

C. maintain

D. relieve

39. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that Generation Zs_______.       .

A. give top priority to professional training

B. have a clear idea about their future jobs

C. care little about their job performance

D. think it hard to achieve work-life balance

40. Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials, Generation Zs are_______.       .

A. less adventurous

B. less realistic

C. more generous

D. more diligent

Part B

Directions:

Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

A. Give compliments, just not too many.

B. Put on a good face, always.

C. Tailor your interactions.

D. Spend time with everyone.

E. Reveal, don't hide, information.

F. Slow down and listen.

G. Put yourselves in others' shoes.

Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the Office

Is it possible to like everyone in your office? Think about how tough it is to get together 15 people, much less 50, who all get along perfectly. But unlike in friendships, you need coworkers. You work with them every day, and you depend on them just as they depend on you. Here are some ways that you can get the whole office on your side.

41._________________________________________

If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace, you may try to stay tight-lipped around them. But you won't be helping either one of you. A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were frank about themselves more highly, while those who hid lost trustworthiness. The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book, but rather, when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them, you should just be honest.

42._________________________________________

Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others We often feel the need to tell others how we feel, whether it's a concern about a project, a stray thought, or a compliment. Those are all valid, but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers, too. In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don't value their opinions. Do your best to engage coworkers in a genuine, back-and-forth conversation, rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.

43._________________________________________

It's common to have a “cubicle mate" or special confidant in a work setting. But in addition to those trusted coworkers, you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around you. Use your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with colleagues you don't always see. Find out about their lives and interests beyond the job. It requires minimal effort and goes a long way. This will help to grow your internal network, in addition to being a nice break in the work day.

44._________________________________________

Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear. And you don't have to be someone's boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project. This will help engender good will in others. But don't overdo it or be fake about it. One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive, possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.

45._________________________________________

This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off, but it can go a long way to achieving results. Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction. Watch out for how they verbalize with others. Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters, while others are more straightforward, jokes that work on one person won't necessarily land with another. So, adapt your style accordingly to type. Consider the person that you're dealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.

Section III Translation

46. Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

It's almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure. But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up to us to decide how to look at it. We can choose to see failure as "the end of the world."Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something, we can choose to look for the lesson we're meant to learn. These lessons are very important; they're how we grow, and how we keep from making that same mistake again. Failures stop us only if we let them. Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise. For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.

Section IV Writing

47.Directions: Suppose you are planning a tour of a historical site for a group of international students. Write them an email to

1)tell them about the site, and

2)give them some tips for the tour

Your should write about 100 words on the answer sheet.

Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)

48. Directions:

Write an essay of no less than 150 words. You are supposed to

1)Describe the graph, and

2)Draw a conclusion.

 

2020年管理类联考英语（二）试卷答案

完型：1-5.CADBD    6-10.ABBCB    11-15.BDCAC    16-20.DCADA

阅读：21-25.BCAAC  26-30.ABDBC   31-35.CDADB    36-40.DCDBA

新题型：41-45.EFDAC

46.翻译：

我们每个人都会失败，然而，失败的精彩之处完全取决于我们如何看待失败。

我们可以选择将失败当作“世界末日”，亦或把失败当作珍贵的学习经历，每当我们失败的时候，我们可以吸取经验教训。这些经验教训于我们而言非常重要，它们记载着我们的成长过程并使我们不再犯同样错误。只有在我们不吸取教训时，失败才会阻挡我们前进。

失败还可以帮助我们认识不一样的自己。比如，失败会让你发现自己有多勇敢。挫折可以帮你觅得挚友，亦可帮你找到通往成功的不期而遇的动力。

47.小作文参考范文：

Dear Sir or Madam,

This is Li Ming. As a leader in students’ union, I am writing this letter to inform you that we are going to visit Forbidden city next week.

As you know, the forbidden city, which is also known as Palace museum, embodies this nations profound and diversified ancient culture with its magnificent architecture and precious treasures. During this trip, it is advisable to pay closer attention to the tourist introduction of each site, which includes its origin, cultural background as well as translation in multiple languages.

I hope that you will enjoy the journey. If you have any other questions, please do not feel free to contact me.

Yours,

Li Ming

48.大作文参考范文：

As is shown in the chart, it provides the information on the reading purpose of college students by mobile-phones in a certain university.To be specific, the percentage of learning is 58%, which is biggest among the four categories.Meanwhile, acquiring information account for 28%. The former one is roughly 3 times as many as the latter one. What account for this phenomenon? Obviously, at least 3 factors contribute to it.

Initially, with the rapid development of science and technology, our smart phones become increasingly convenient for students to study. Instead of taking numerous books in their bags，they prefer to put significant learning materials into their phone and then they can read them at anyplace they want. In addition, it is no doubt that smart phone has become the necessary part in college students daily life, thus attracting an increasing number of students to enjoy themselves by their phones. Terminally, with people’s living styles changing, students prefer to develop their social life on Internet and find more useful information to satisfy their academic needs.

　　Taking above reasons into consideration, we could firmly believe that the tendency will continue in the forthcoming years.